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 &#x26;  tar cheatsheet &#x26;  Quick Reference</title>
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这是 tar 常用命令的快速参考备忘单。

入门，为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
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<a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#tar-备忘清单"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>tar 备忘清单</h1><div class="wrap-body">
<p>这是 tar 常用命令的快速参考备忘单。</p>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#介绍">介绍</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#语法">语法</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#选项">选项</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#创建一个-tar-格式的压缩文件">创建一个 tar 格式的压缩文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#创建压缩后的-targz-存档文件">创建压缩后的 tar.gz 存档文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#生成压缩率更高的-tarbz2-文件">生成压缩率更高的 tar.bz2 文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#解压缩-tar-文件">解压缩 tar 文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#解压缩-targz-文件">解压缩 tar.gz 文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#解压缩-tarbz2-文件">解压缩 tar.bz2 文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#列出归档内容">列出归档内容</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#从-tar-归档文件中提取单个文件">从 tar 归档文件中提取单个文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#从-tar-归档文件中提取多个文件">从 tar 归档文件中提取多个文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#使用通配符提取文件组">使用通配符提取文件组</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#添加文件或目录到-tar-存档中">添加文件或目录到 tar 存档中</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="介绍"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#介绍"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>介绍</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>在Linux平台上，<code>tar</code> 命令是主要的归档实用程序。了解各种 <code>tar</code> 命令选项将帮助您掌握归档文件操作。<code>tar</code> 代表磁带存档。</p>
<h4 id="语法"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#语法"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>语法</h4>
<pre class="wrap-text "><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>-ABcdgGhiklmMoOpPrRsStuUvwWxzZ<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>-C <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>目的目录<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>-f <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>备份文件<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>--delete<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>--totals<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>文件或目录<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</span></code></pre>
<!--rehype:className=wrap-text -->
<p>以前 unix 系统管理员使用 <code>tar</code> 执行磁带机备份。<code>tar</code> 命令用于获取文件和目录的集合，并生成高度压缩的归档文件，在Linux中通常称为 <code>tarball</code> 或 <code>tar</code>、<code>gzip</code> 和 <code>bzip</code>。</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="选项"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#选项"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>选项</h3><div class="wrap-body">

































































<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-c</code></td><td>建立新的备份文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-C</code></td><td>切换到指定的目录</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-d</code></td><td>对比备份文件内和文件系统上的文件的差异</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-x</code></td><td>解压缩归档文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td>显示指令执行过程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code></td><td>指定归档文件的文件名</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-t</code></td><td>查看归档文件内容</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-j</code></td><td>通过 bzip2 指令处理备份文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-z</code></td><td>通过 gzip 指令处理备份文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-r</code></td><td>向现有存档文件追加或更新文件或目录</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-W</code></td><td>验证归档文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--totals</code></td><td>备份文件建立后，列出文件大小</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--delete</code></td><td>从备份文件中删除指定的文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>--wildcards</code></td><td>在 unix tar 命令中指定匹配模式</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="创建一个-tar-格式的压缩文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建一个-tar-格式的压缩文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建一个 tar 格式的压缩文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>在当前工作目录的 <code>/home/cyberpunk/testdir</code> 目录下创建一个名为 <code>archive.tar</code> 的 <code>tar</code> 归档文件:</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-cvf</span> archive.tar /home/cyberpunk/testdir/
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.sh
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.tar
</span></code></pre>
<p>本例中使用的选项有:</p>





















<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-c</code></td><td>建立新的备份文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td>显示指令执行过程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code></td><td>指定归档文件的文件名</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="创建压缩后的-targz-存档文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#创建压缩后的-targz-存档文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>创建压缩后的 <code>tar.gz</code> 存档文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>要创建一个压缩的 <code>gzip</code> 归档文件，我们需要使用选项 <code>z</code> 。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tar</span> cvzf compressedArchive.tar.gz /home/cyberpunk/testdir
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.jpg
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.png
</span></code></pre>
<p>本例中使用的选项有:</p>

























<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-c</code></td><td>建立新的备份文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td>显示指令执行过程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code></td><td>指定归档文件的文件名</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-z</code></td><td>通过 <code>gzip</code> 指令处理备份文件</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="生成压缩率更高的-tarbz2-文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#生成压缩率更高的-tarbz2-文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>生成压缩率更高的 <code>tar.bz2</code> 文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p><code>tar</code> 的 <code>bz2</code> 压缩，可以创建比 <code>gzip</code> 文件小的归档。<code>Bz2</code> 模式执行归档压缩和解压所需的时间比 <code>gzip</code> 模式多。通常，这个时间差可以忽略不计，但如果文件非常打，或者是文件数量非常多，那么时间差就会非常大。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tar</span> cvfj Archive.tar.bz2 /home/cyberpunk/testdir
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>本例中使用的选项有:</p>

























<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-c</code></td><td>建立新的备份文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td>显示指令执行过程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code></td><td>指定归档文件的文件名</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-j</code></td><td>通过 bzip2 指令处理备份文件</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="解压缩-tar-文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#解压缩-tar-文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>解压缩 tar 文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>要解压缩(提取)一个tar文件，将 <code>x</code> (提取)选项传递给该命令
使用不带 <code>-C</code> 选项的命令将在当前工作目录中提取存档。<code>-C</code> 选项告诉命令在哪里提取存档文件。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-xvf</span> Archive.tar <span class="token parameter variable">-C</span> /home/cyberpunk/testdir/
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>本例中使用的选项有:</p>





















<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-x</code></td><td>解压缩归档文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td>显示指令执行过程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code></td><td>指定归档文件的文件名</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="解压缩-targz-文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#解压缩-targz-文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>解压缩 tar.gz 文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>小知识：使用 <code>tar</code> 命令创建的所有归档文件，都可以以相同的方式提取。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-xvf</span> Archive.tar.gz
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>本例中使用的选项有:</p>





















<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-x</code></td><td>解压缩归档文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td>显示指令执行过程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code></td><td>指定归档文件的文件名</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="解压缩-tarbz2-文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#解压缩-tarbz2-文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>解压缩 tar.bz2 文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>小知识：使用 <code>tar</code> 命令创建的所有归档文件，都可以以相同的方式提取。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-xvf</span> Archive.tar.bz2
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>本例中使用的选项有:</p>





















<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-x</code></td><td>解压缩归档文件</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td>显示指令执行过程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code></td><td>指定归档文件的文件名</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-1 row-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="列出归档内容"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#列出归档内容"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>列出归档内容</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-1 row-span-2-->
<p>使用 <code>t</code> 选项列出 <code>tar</code> 归档文件的内容:</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># tar -tvf uploadprogress.tar</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">-rwxr--r-- root/root   <span class="token number">1111</span> <span class="token number">2014</span>-10-19 <span class="token number">12</span>:33:42 file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">-rwxr--r-- root/root   <span class="token number">1111</span> <span class="token number">2014</span>-10-19 <span class="token number">12</span>:33:42 file2.txt
</span><span class="code-line">-rwxr--r-- root/root   <span class="token number">1111</span> <span class="token number">2014</span>-10-19 <span class="token number">12</span>:33:42 file3.txt
</span><span class="code-line">-rwxr--r-- root/root   <span class="token number">1111</span> <span class="token number">2014</span>-10-19 <span class="token number">12</span>:33:42 file4.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>本例中使用的选项有:</p>





















<table><thead><tr><th align="left">:-</th><th>-</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>-t</code></td><td>查看归档文件内容</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-v</code></td><td>显示指令执行过程</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>-f</code></td><td>指定归档文件的文件名</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="从-tar-归档文件中提取单个文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#从-tar-归档文件中提取单个文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>从 tar 归档文件中提取单个文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--extract</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--file</span><span class="token operator">=</span>archive.tar file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">file1.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="从-tar-归档文件中提取多个文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#从-tar-归档文件中提取多个文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>从 tar 归档文件中提取多个文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-xvf</span> Archive.tar <span class="token string">"file 1"</span> <span class="token string">"file 2"</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="使用通配符提取文件组"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#使用通配符提取文件组"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>使用通配符提取文件组</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># tar -xvf Archive.tar --wildcards *.txt'</span>
</span><span class="code-line">
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file1.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file2.txt
</span><span class="code-line">/home/cyberpunk/testdir/file3.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="添加文件或目录到-tar-存档中"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#添加文件或目录到-tar-存档中"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>添加文件或目录到 tar 存档中</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<p>要向现有的 <code>tar</code> 文件中添加文件或目录，可以使用 <code>r</code> 选项。例如，我们将 <code>xyz.txt</code> 文件和 <code>php</code> 目录添加到现有的 <code>tecmint-14-09-12.tar</code> 归档文件中。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># tar -rvf Archive.tar xyz.txt  #add file</span>
</span><span class="code-line">or
</span><span class="code-line"><span class="token comment"># tar -rvf Archive.tar php      # add directory</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
<p><a href="https://neverendingsecurity.wordpress.com/2015/04/13/linux-tar-commands-cheatsheet/">Linux Tar Commands Cheatsheet</a></p>
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